While
farmers in cold climates are used to the effects of frost and regularly take
extensive measures to avoid damage, those in more moderate climates are simply
not as prepared to guard their business from loss in this area. Use these tips
to ensure you make it through the each season successfully.
Critical Freezing
Temperature
Educate
yourself on the critical freezing temperature of your crops. This number will
depend on several factors, including the difference between air and leaf
temperatures, wind chill, duration of the low temperatures, stage of plant
growth and overall health of the crop. The amount of damage will also depend on
the crop itself – among the most frost-tender crops are strawberries, tomatoes
and sugar beets.
Frost Protection Measures
Protection
methods include proper site selection and use of heaters, irrigation,
chemicals, and man-made fog or wind machines. The first step is choosing
appropriate land by considering its elevation, water features and sun or wind
exposure. It takes years of experience for some growers to understand exactly
how their land affects critical temperatures, so it may be helpful to take
measurements of minimum temperatures periodically to understand frost risk. The
safest practice is to consult a specialist – an agricultural meteorologist or
climatologist – to determine how temperature data should be interpreted and
what actions are best to take.
Other protection methods
vary in cost, effectiveness and associated risks. Farmers should base their
decision on the proper frost protection method on the dynamics and terrain of
the growing site. Whatever the method, frost protection must be executed
carefully. Preparation and testing of the system should be finished well before
freezing risks are present.
Managing Frost
Crop
yield, drying rate and quality may be affected in frost-damaged crops depending
on the amount of harm. Contact your farm insurance broker before harvesting to
avoid causing further damage and unnecessary risks. Check your specific policy
to make sure you have crop damage protection. Remember, the best way to manage
frost risk is to have a plan in place for cold temperatures regardless of the
time of year or your location.